SPE 565 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPE 565 - Essay Example These are social-cognitive theory by Bandura, 1991, Theory of Planned Behaviour by Azjen, 1991 and Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour by Triandis, 1981. (Bandura, 1997) defined social-cognitive as a theory that "explains how people acquire and maintain certain behavioural patterns, while also providing the basis for intervention strategies" (n.p.). The factors to be considered to evaluate behavioural change are the people, environment, and behaviour. This social cognition model focuses on self-efficacy expectancies or beliefs about a person's ability to perform certain behaviour. A framework for designing, implementing and evaluating programs are being offered in social-cognitive theory. To better analyze this social cognition model, analysis of the pros and cons when this model is used should be presented. SCT is an important and effective means for educators in assisting the students to gain new supporting skills by developing feelings of self-efficacy from their own mastery experiences. SLT can help educators determine why certain learning activities work, and why other activities aren't very effective as the students may receive standard persuasive techniques to try to instil feelings of self-efficacy. ... It is believed that all of the people are able of doing critical thinking, in spite of their differences. Additionally, social cognitive theory encourages the use of non-traditional methods of learning instructions and evaluations, which involves a major time commitment on the part of the expert using the model. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) evaluated: The theory of planned behaviour is a theory about the relation between behaviour and attitudes. It was projected by Icek Ajzen as an annex of the theory of reasoned action (TRA). It is one of the most prognostic persuasion theories. As (Wikipedia, 2007), "it has been applied to studies of the relations among beliefs, attitudes, behavioural intentions and behaviours in various fields such as advertising, public relations, campaigns, healthcare, etc." (n.p.). TPB can cover people's intentional behaviour which Theory of Reasoned Action cannot explain. TPB would help better forecast health-related behavioural intention as it improves the predictability of intentions. It can give explanation to individual's social behaviours by viewing social norms as important factors. However, TPB fails to notice emotional factors and may only provide limited assessment on these areas. Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB) - Triandis Theory This model is based on TRA and TPB although based on (Davis et al., 1992) "efforts towards developing models that incorporate a non-utilitarian aspect of technology acceptance have been made" (pp 1111-1132). Hence, it does not distinguish the emotional from the cognitive domain and promotes assumption that an individual is positioned on the dimension of both emotional and cognitive bipolar in terms of evaluation. Triandis theory of interpersonal

Fashion business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fashion business management - Essay Example Owing to the complex dynamisms of the fashion industry, many investors have steered clear of this investment, considering it as a high risk venture, which is only given consideration by companies at later stages of their development and growth, while only very few, most predominantly individual-based ventures, are engaged in the fashion business as start-ups (Giacobello, 2000 p44). To this end, it becomes significantly essential for any individual interested in the fashion business to commit themselves to understanding all the dynamics associated with the industry, before any engagement, either as investors or managers of fashion businesses. Therefore, this discussion seeks to analyze fashion business management, with a view to establishing the sourcing strategies, as well as the cultural considerations that requires to be made, for the fashion businesses that seek to operate within the global market place. The cardinal rule for any business has always been to know the customer (Blaszczyk, 2008 p23). This rule serves to guide business in the manner of operations, requiring that the sole reason for which a business is established is to serve its customers, through understanding their needs and satisfying them. Thus, for a fashion business, the sourcing strategies are pegged on the needs of the customers, which has to do with the quality that the customers are interested in, the range of prices they can afford and able to pay for the fashion products, as well as the time within which the customers need to be supplied with the products (Gale & Kaur, 2004 p18). Thus, to fulfill the above customer requirements, a fashion business merchandiser require applying the following strategies: The fashion business is characterized by demand fluctuations, where a certain type or style of apparels or clothing could be highly demanded in a certain season, and later the demand for the same turns to be very low (Han, 2003 p33). Thus, owing to the

British Airways Analysing Financial And Non Financial Indicators Tourism Essay

British Airways Analysing Financial And Non Financial Indicators Tourism Essay British Airways is considered as one of the largest international airlines of United Kingdom. British airways Plc and many other subsidiaries companies make the whole British Airways group. Currently, British Airways(BA) covers more than 550 destinations. According to the data of the year 2008/09, more than 34 million passengers have travelled through British Airways. British airways main business operating hub location is Londons Heathrow airport which serves the company with large geographical area. British Airways is also listed in stock exchange of London.. (Company Information, n.d.).The following report will analyse and then evaluates both the indicators of the British Airways ie, financial as well as non-financial by making it compare with the performance of other company, which is Dubai based named as Emirates Airlines. Talking about Emirates Airlines, being launched in 1985 and since then shown the signs as of one of the fastest growing airlines of the worlds airline industr y. Currently, the company covers more than 100 different destinations throughout the world. (The Emirates Group, 2009). Further in the report the evaluation of the performance of both these companies is being done by using ratio analysis and there will also be discussion about the financial performance trend analysis of both the companies in the last few years. This report will also look at the managerial and non financial challenges faced by both of these companies using SWOT analysis, and then talking about the challenges and solutions for those challenges. The last section of this report will discuss and analyses the comment by John Rishton due to adoption of IFRS and also look at the differences between IFRS and US GAAP. Section B The following paragraphs will cover the changes and the financial pressures recently faced by the airline sector. According to keynote report, Factors like increase in the prices of oil during first half of 2008 which seriously affected the operating costs of airlines, then the impact of global recession made the condition even worse as affecting the number of passengers and thus decreased the demand for air travel globally. In response the different airlines companies have abandoned those routes which were unprofitable and also cut down the un-necessary costs. In such a difficult phase of the airline sector, the companies must understand that how its customers are rephrasing value and their reaction in the period of recession, instead of cutting down on the budget which they have planned for the market research. Now we will discuss specifically about the British airways and Emirates airlines, also will consider the different financial and managerial challenges that are faced by the above two companies. SWOT analysis is used as tool to clarify the difference between the both the airlines. SWOT analysis Strengths British airways made a strong brand identity as United Kingdoms leading airlines because of trust and loyalty being showed by its customers. Strong brand identity also brought advantages of economies of scale. There is being a new subsidiary launched by British airways named as, Open Skies, which offers only business class for the traffic between U.S and major European countries. British airways has got huge capacity for its air planes because of its main operating base hub ie, at Heathrow airport and With the proposed merger with Iberia, British airways is aiming to become second largest airline company after Air France of Europe. British airways offers different loyalty programmes for its customers as to make sure the again travel from their airlines only. On the other side Emirates airline has made its brand strong in the marketplace using different advertisements and many sponsorships. One of the main strengths of emirates airline is having its focus on diversified market and the entrance into the cargo shipping proved very beneficial for the company. Emirates airline has made its corporate culture by listening and identifying the needs of its customer. Emirates also has low cost, which is around 30% less than its European competitors. With the opening of emirates terminal 3 at Dubai international airport recently and the continuous ability to renew with improvement in the service gives the emirates airline the strength edge over its competitors. Tim Clark who is the president of emirates airline, stated that the past results of the airlines have exceeded above expectations despite of the increase in jet fuel prices for emirates airlines from US$1.68 upto US$2.78 per gallon by the end of the year. Weakness With the opening of new terminal 5 at Heathrow airport by the British airways, the company faced problems with training of staff, which led in flights being cancelled, complains of missing luggage. Moreover the rising fuel prices led to increase in ticket prices. The slowdown of both the UK and US economies has affected British Airways as the company has become very vulnerable to financial instability. The bankruptcies in the US banking sector decreased the number of premium booking passengers in British airways heavily. The route of Heathrow and New York is having huge traffic of passengers and forms an important part of British airways earning. Therefore, the drop in the bookings of premium class affected the profitability of the company. British airways also suffered from increased in non fuel costs like from staff and the landing charges. For emirates airlines, there is some weakness also associated with it, like it is not being successful in all of its diversification and approaches, which has emerged as a weakness of the company. Analysts have blamed the company for too much emphasizing on high end acquisitions and diversifications in spite of getting the type of results from such decisions. As U.S is a major market for the airline industry and emirates airline does not cater to many places in the U.S., which is also a weakness for the company. Opportunities If British airways will fully acquire the Iberia airlines with currently 13% share, then it will be in the list of the worlds biggest airlines having approximated combined stock market capitalisation worth of EUR 5.5 billion. There is an opportunity for the British airways to expand more in emerging markets like Middle East Region, India, and China. Another opportunity for British Airways is to now improve the operating conditions of its terminal 5 at Heathrow airport. The company should focus on minimum cost of travelling to fulfil customer needs. With the increase of fuel efficient aircrafts of British airways it can minimize the environmental damage, as protection of environment is emerged as an important issue throughout the world. The company should also see an interest of customers towards new places and develop new routes wherever possible. On the other hand for emirates airline the opportunity lies in which, it can use its well developed infrastructure business to go into the new emerging markets where internet adoption is not very well developed. Same as for the British airways, there is also an opportunity for emirates to introduce new routes by observing the interest of customers. As also Dubai and the middle-east region is more advancing for tourism and commercial purpose enables emirates airline to grow. Emirate airline does no pay income tax so this also gives a tax benefit to it. This saves around $250 million of money per year. Also due to close proximity of Dubai from Indian and Pakistan gives a chance to the airline to access hugely available cheap labour. The benefit of cheap labour in the emirates airline can be seen from the figure as from the total operating budget of the company, the cost of labour accounts upto 18% which is very less as compared to Lufthansa airline having 27% and united airlines with 2 9% of cost of labour. Threats The current threat to British airways is from current economic slowed down, increased fuel prices and weaker pound. The global recession has severely affected air transportation. The travel and tourism industry is moving towards including more green practices. There is pressure from European Union on all the airlines companies to limit carbon emissions Across EU. After the events of 11 September 2001, the security measures have been more tighten by the airline companies. There is also strong competition from low cost airlines, cruise and rail transport that constitutes a bigger share in travel market. Low cost carriers are increasingly looking for new routes for customers with affordable ticket price. Another matter of concern for British Airways is the trade union power. The trade union already did many strikes in august 2004 and 2005. Cost of fuel is also can be at risk as the political situation in Iraq is supporting the rise of oil prices, which will result in add up of another à ‚ £100 million to the cost of British Airways. Whereas, there is severe threat on emirates airlines also from its competitors naming Qatar airways and Etihad airways. Due to political instability in middle-east could lead to have a negative impact on emirate airline. Although the cargo commercial and passenger segments of emirates airlines have managed to achieve their targets, but increasing oil prices affected last quarter net income. As more desire of commodity trading affected oil prices due to brokers were not revealing the actual figure of shortage of raw material. 4 Challenges: There are some of the challenges still left out to be tackle by the BA at the time of developing its climate change programme. As the company operate in environment which is uncertain and political environment is just a part of whole environment but it gives challenges like of changing climate. BA has taken various initiatives to face solved these challenges right from developing in-depth understanding on how to face these challenges, keeping debate with government and asking for their cooperation. (British Airways SWOT Analysis, 2006). BA had to face many threats from competition besides the security threats like after the incidence of 9/11 terrorist attack, as its been considered as amongst the world most profit making airlines so for them to lead the industry the competition becomes more stiff for that they not only have to face threats like escalating fuel cost but also have to operate with low cost. BA has been helped by keymetric with 2006 transformational online programs to save nearly about 38 millions. Operating profit has gone down to 80 percent which shows sheer and utmost decrease due to the weak customer confidence and thus reducing the traffic volumes. Challenges are mainly face due to the so many cost which has become hot air balloon and going high, if busted will not beneficial for the company. The cost balloon include so many costs like right from fuel cost, employee cost, cost of engineering, landing fees and besides this, also includes more operations costs due to delay in shifting to terminal 5 like, cargo handling costs, trucking charges, cost of ground equipments, IT and strong euro rate etc. Whereas, Emirates airlines firstly penetrated the market by launching it s routes to the places in west Africa like in Nigeria and Ghana altogether. To sustain in to the market and feel the presence in these two countries there is also a challenge to be able to handle many multilingual issues and the problems with double byte sites. As emirates is present internationally, to manag e its data which is globally spread through internet, the company took the decision of spreading out SDL Tridions content for management solution. With such a decision enabled the Emirates, to cater to wider and variety of audience. As now the customers from all over the world can access to common information available to them. (Simon, 2007) Solution: Aviation industry requires huge sums of investment to operate and it adds risk to the return as well. The main money source of income for firms is shareholder. BA secures its position in the world aviation through focusing its aim towards its prospective shareholders and product betterment with handing cost efficiently. BA aims to achieve unique culture in airline by focussing towards customer and their requirements. BA believes that, differentiating their strategy from their competitors will bring the huge market. After being loosed the battle in to the business class which has been collapsed, after their position has been taken over by Silver Jet Airlines as a business class leader. But after this move in the aviation industry, British Airways took some good decisions like purchasing of Lavion Paris Airline, which was a quiet successful for BA. British Airways is always prepared to the change according to the environment and that alo shows in their course of planned action. BA has released the Terminal 5 which was going through good functioning with 6 million passengers (Marzouqi, N.D.). Emirates on the other hand, had find out a niche for itself as a route for success and not in the way of following others. Unlike BA, emirates was not very much affected by 9/11 incident and also with decline of profit levels, seat factors the company managers didnt shake and through their belief in their company and dedication took them out in such a crisis situation and thus, they were remained profitable. Whereas, other airlines were reducing and laying off their workforce so as to cut down the cost but, emirates didnt do this and their unique working paid off. (Sull, 2005)

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Teachers Careers Essays

My Philosophy of Education Several experiences have influenced my philosophy of education. Some of these experiences have been good, others have not, but they have all proved invaluable in shaping my methods of teaching. As a non-traditional student, I have learned many lessons since being out in the â€Å"real world† that have changed my opinions about learning and teaching. I believe in Social Reconstructionism, Progressivism, and discipline in the classroom. I desire to become a high school teacher because I feel that students at this age needs a positive role model and someone they can speak to without talking down to them. I want to encourage my students every step of the way, as they bolster their confidence in themselves and their ability to make the right decisions. Students at this age do not understand the importance of their education and take it for granted at this stage of their life. My father instilled in me a passion for learning, at a very young age. I want to share this enthusiasm with my students. I would like to specialize in science because of all the scientific discoveries that are being made today and yet to come. As a Social Reconstructionist, I believe the curriculum should address the global issues and social problems that science can create. Some discussion topics for my class would include animal testing, cloning, genetic research, DNA research, water and air pollution, and overpopulation. My students would research the topic and its effects, prepare a paper, give a speech, and lead the class discussion of the topic sharing their own viewpoint. This process would develop my students’ critical thinking, problem solving, and decision-making skills. By employing class discussions, cooperati... ...ial in the lives of their students. I want to be a positive influence in the development of every student’s education. Being an idealistic person, I want to be so much for my students; a teacher that shows caring, compassion, a helper with their problems, and a positive role model. After my students leave my classroom, I want them to know more than just a few vocabulary words that they memorized for a test. I want to provide my students with a solid foundation that they can continue to build upon long after they have left my classroom. I never want my students to later struggle to fill in the gaps of their education because I was an inadequate teacher. Above all else, I want to pass on to my students my love and joy for learning, and help them to see that education is the key to their future endeavors. "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" by Gordon Lightfoot.

Teenage Relationship

Teenage Relationship Good Day! We are first year students of DMSF Pre- Dentistry; we are conducting a survey about teen relationships for our English Research/Term paper. As a requirement for the ending of classes. We would like to get your opinion or point of view in this regarding topic. Kindly answer these following questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU! †¢ What is your reason for entering a relationship? For fun Curiosity Following the Trend Other (specify): †¢ Is it okay with your parents? Yes No Maybe Are you ready to face any circumstances in having a relationship? Yes No Maybe †¢ Do think you are in the proper age to have a relationship? Yes No Maybe †¢ Is it okay to have a relationship even though you are still a teenager? Yes No Maybe †¢ What comes to your mind when we talk or think about a relationship? †¢ In entering this relationship is it serious or just for fun? †¢ In having a relationship how it will affect your daily life especially to your studies? †¢ What are some advantages/disadvantage you will get for having a relationship A. Introduction:Why do you want a girlfriend or a boyfriend? As a teenager what is the purpose of having a relationship? And having a commitment with someone of the opposite sex? Where is the relationship going? Many questions come to our mind about the teenage relationship and those questions obviously are one of them. But still they will end up with the question. Why do teenage want a romantic relationship at a young age? Is it because your peers are starting to have relationships and therefore you feel pressured to have one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you are really ready for a relationship.As a teenager, any romantic relationship you get into will most likely be a casual one because you are probably not at the right age where you are thinking of marriage and ideally the whole point of dating or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to see whether they are the kind of person you might end up marrying. The teenager is a uniquely human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious.Teenagers are also characterized by odd sleeping patterns, awkward growth spurts, bullying, acne and snobbish behavior. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? Most other animals – apes and human ancestors included – skip that stage altogether, developing rapidly from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very puzzling four-year gap between sexual maturity and prime reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase first evolved, but pinpointing that date could help define its purpose.There are a variety of current explanations for the existence of teenagers. Some believe that we need longer for our large brains to develop. Other explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kid s to learn about complex social behavior and other difficult skills, or that it is even required to develop coordinated bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once thought that the brain's internal structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was blamed on raging hormones and a lack of experience.Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). Though many brain areas mature during childhood, others mature later – such as the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for planning and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read social situations and other people's emotions. Statement of the Problem:The purpose of this study is to know the behav ior of the teenage that can make them drawn in this kind of relationship, why do they want to experience this relationship even though they are not in the proper age, how this usually started, and what are those reasons and purposes behind them. Significance of the Study: The importance of this research is we all know that â€Å"Youth is the Hope† as what Jose Rizal said. So as a Filipino youth citizen our concern is to give attention to the behavior of teenager for getting involved of that kind of relationship. Scope and Limitation:The study limits only to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenager’s mind when we talk about romantic relationship, and also is this already legal for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain circumstances that they will be face for entering this relationship. Definition of Terms: Teenage: is a young person whose  age  is â€Å"between thirteen and nineteen† (13–19). Th ey are called teenagers because their  age  number  ends in â€Å"teen†. Relationship: an  intimate relationship  is an  interpersonal relationship  that involves  physical  or  emotional intimacy.Physical intimacy is characterized by  romantic  or  passionate  sex  and  attachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for a  sexual relationship. Peers: people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class etc. B. Main Body: During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of someone they feel attached to; spend time with, and/or a personified experiments. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a â€Å"relationship†.The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Dating's purpose is to first step into marriage†¦ that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because too few times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. I – In a broken family state A. Seeking for the love’ that cannot provide by their family. 1. They tend to find love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They want to have a person to talk to when they are upset and down. 3. They find a person who can give companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they wanted to do without thinking for the result. 3. Instead of asking questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- Lack of parental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers don’t have guidance with their pa rents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenager’s mind they thought that they already handle their lives without the prevision of the parents. B. Lack of self confident and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually don’t have enough time between their parents. 2. They are engage in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. Conclusion: Therefore we concluded that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results also showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time management for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , ; Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relati onships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , ; McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents’ explanations for romantic dissolutions: A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. ACT for Youth Centre of Excellence Research Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http://www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage Relationship: Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor: Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco March 26, 2013 Table of Contents A. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms B. Main Body C. Conclusion References Result of the Survey: No. of Respondent: 25 persons No. of Paper: 26pcs Teenage Relationship Teenage Relationship Good Day! We are first year students of DMSF Pre- Dentistry; we are conducting a survey about teen relationships for our English Research/Term paper. As a requirement for the ending of classes. We would like to get your opinion or point of view in this regarding topic. Kindly answer these following questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU! †¢ What is your reason for entering a relationship? For fun Curiosity Following the Trend Other (specify): †¢ Is it okay with your parents? Yes No Maybe Are you ready to face any circumstances in having a relationship? Yes No Maybe †¢ Do think you are in the proper age to have a relationship? Yes No Maybe †¢ Is it okay to have a relationship even though you are still a teenager? Yes No Maybe †¢ What comes to your mind when we talk or think about a relationship? †¢ In entering this relationship is it serious or just for fun? †¢ In having a relationship how it will affect your daily life especially to your studies? †¢ What are some advantages/disadvantage you will get for having a relationship A. Introduction:Why do you want a girlfriend or a boyfriend? As a teenager what is the purpose of having a relationship? And having a commitment with someone of the opposite sex? Where is the relationship going? Many questions come to our mind about the teenage relationship and those questions obviously are one of them. But still they will end up with the question. Why do teenage want a romantic relationship at a young age? Is it because your peers are starting to have relationships and therefore you feel pressured to have one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you are really ready for a relationship.As a teenager, any romantic relationship you get into will most likely be a casual one because you are probably not at the right age where you are thinking of marriage and ideally the whole point of dating or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to see whether they are the kind of person you might end up marrying. The teenager is a uniquely human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious.Teenagers are also characterized by odd sleeping patterns, awkward growth spurts, bullying, acne and snobbish behavior. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? Most other animals – apes and human ancestors included – skip that stage altogether, developing rapidly from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very puzzling four-year gap between sexual maturity and prime reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase first evolved, but pinpointing that date could help define its purpose.There are a variety of current explanations for the existence of teenagers. Some believe that we need longer for our large brains to develop. Other explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kid s to learn about complex social behavior and other difficult skills, or that it is even required to develop coordinated bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once thought that the brain's internal structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was blamed on raging hormones and a lack of experience.Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). Though many brain areas mature during childhood, others mature later – such as the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for planning and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read social situations and other people's emotions. Statement of the Problem:The purpose of this study is to know the behav ior of the teenage that can make them drawn in this kind of relationship, why do they want to experience this relationship even though they are not in the proper age, how this usually started, and what are those reasons and purposes behind them. Significance of the Study: The importance of this research is we all know that â€Å"Youth is the Hope† as what Jose Rizal said. So as a Filipino youth citizen our concern is to give attention to the behavior of teenager for getting involved of that kind of relationship. Scope and Limitation:The study limits only to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenager’s mind when we talk about romantic relationship, and also is this already legal for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain circumstances that they will be face for entering this relationship. Definition of Terms: Teenage: is a young person whose  age  is â€Å"between thirteen and nineteen† (13–19). Th ey are called teenagers because their  age  number  ends in â€Å"teen†. Relationship: an  intimate relationship  is an  interpersonal relationship  that involves  physical  or  emotional intimacy.Physical intimacy is characterized by  romantic  or  passionate  sex  and  attachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for a  sexual relationship. Peers: people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class etc. B. Main Body: During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of someone they feel attached to; spend time with, and/or a personified experiments. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a â€Å"relationship†.The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Dating's purpose is to first step into marriage†¦ that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because too few times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. I – In a broken family state A. Seeking for the love’ that cannot provide by their family. 1. They tend to find love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They want to have a person to talk to when they are upset and down. 3. They find a person who can give companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they wanted to do without thinking for the result. 3. Instead of asking questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- Lack of parental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers don’t have guidance with their pa rents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenager’s mind they thought that they already handle their lives without the prevision of the parents. B. Lack of self confident and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually don’t have enough time between their parents. 2. They are engage in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. Conclusion: Therefore we concluded that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results also showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time management for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , ; Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relati onships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , ; McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents’ explanations for romantic dissolutions: A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. ACT for Youth Centre of Excellence Research Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http://www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage Relationship: Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor: Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco March 26, 2013 Table of Contents A. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms B. Main Body C. Conclusion References Result of the Survey: No. of Respondent: 25 persons No. of Paper: 26pcs

How Will Science and Technology Change Our Lives Essay

The Contribution of India to the world of Science & Technology dates back to ancient times. India had the best of the scientists in different fields of science and technology – mathematics, medicine, architecture, astronomy, geometry, chemistry, metallurgy, etc. Aryabhatta was a fifth century mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and physicist. He introduced the concept and symbol for Zero and the decimal place value system to the world of mathematics. Bhaskaracharya introduced Chakrawat Method or the Cyclic Method to solve algebraic equations. Kanad, a sixth century scientist developed the atomic theory which says that the material universe is made up of anu/atom, which cannot be further subdivided and they are indivisible and indestructible. This is what the modern atomic theory says. In the field of medicine, India was a front runner. Susruta was a pioneer in the field of surgery. Charak, considered the father of ancient Indian science of medicine, was the first to talk about digestion, metabolism and immunity as important for health and so medical science. The science of Yoga was developed in ancient India as an allied science of Ayurveda for healing without medicine. India was a pioneer in many technologies such as metallurgy (steel making, iron, zinc, bronze etc) and Architecture. The findings in Moganjatharo civilisation stand testimony to this fact. The structures such as Iron Pillar in Delhi, Taj Mahal, Gol Gumbaz, Mahabalipuram, Tanjore Periya Kovil are some examples of India’s supremacy in the Architecture. Science and Modern India Indian scientists have played a stellar role in the development of India. In the short span of its post-independence history India has achieved several great scientific achievements. Indian scientists have proved their mettle in the face of international sanctions and have made India one of the scientific powerhouses of the world. Sir M. Visvesvaraya, Sir CV Raman, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Subramaniam Chandrasekar, Srinivasa Ramanujam, Homi Bhaba, Vikram Sarabhai are some of the names leading the pack of Indian scientists. How technology impacts people’s life? Technology affects people’s lives by improving medicines, provides better treatment for diseases and insures a longer life. It improves transportation by helping people move from one corner of the world to other in hours by using transportation services such as Airways, Railways, or even Bus Transportation. Modern Technology changed people’s lifestyle and the way they live. For example, now it’s possible to surf Internet on TV, watch programs, pause Live TV, and even playback live shows. Internet surfing is a technology revolution. Because of that technology, a person could know what is happening on the other side of the world. Due to Internet, it is now possible to say that the world is at your fingertips. Recent discoveries and scientific breakthroughs such as Cracking the DNA code and Mapping the Genome may completely change the way people look even before they are born. Diseases that are passed through generations, like diabetes, chronic diseases may be eliminated from the unborn child. What India should do? While India is uniquely positioned to use technology for progress, it has in the recent past lagged behind in the quality and spread of science research. The need for a strong science eco-system based on a sound research foundation is the need of the hour for India to become a Global Power house. The key to continued success for India in a globalised knowledge-driven economy is building a higher education system that is superior in quality and committed encouragement of relevant research in science and technology. To achieve this, the government, universities, companies, venture capitalists, and other stakeholders should come together to enable Research and Development to achieve superiority in the field of science and technology.

phantom of the cortex essays

phantom of the cortex essays The phenomenon known as the phantom limb is very intriguing in the world of neurology. It has been, and continues to be heavily debated among scientists as to the causes of these phantom sensations and phantom pains. Amputee victims have an 80-90% likelihood of experiencing the phantom limb (Sidebotham, 1996). The sensations of pain consist of stabbing, cramping, burning, and shooting pains (Sidebotham, 1996). Although these irritations are common and often progressive, research has undergone many steps in discovering treatments for the pain. Unfortunately the phantom pain is not like chicken pox, but more like arbitrary occurrences. It can arise right after amputation or even years later. What happens is the patient feels sensations where the arm or leg used to be as if it were still present (Price, 2002). To add to the irritability of the phantom limb, not all sensations are of pain. Some are recognizable as if their limb were still there and accompanied by all its sensati ons; warmth, tingling, itching, and movement (Sidebotham, 1996). These non-painful sensations are the ones that usually occur soon after the amputation and continue throughout life. Research has found that the phantom limb targets those areas of the body which are most sensitive (Melzack, 1999). This includes the fingers (especially the thumb and index finger), feet, knees and elbows, forearm, lower leg, and upper thigh and upper arm in that order. The phantom limb has been around for many centuries and is now over the past two decades- only beginning to shed light on theories of the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery nervous system (PNS). In the 16th century a French doctor, Ambroise Pare, came about describing the event of the phantom limb. The term Phantom Limb was later coined by Dr. Wier Mitchell on the first publication of such an account (McVeigh, 2000). This happened after the American Civil War where a my...

Free Essays on Expressive Paper

A place I visited as a child was forced into my memory very recently. This place is known around the world as The World Trade Center of New York City. When news hit of the building’s destruction, vivid memories of my time atop the one hundred ten story building began to reform in my mind. Visualizations, sounds, sense of touch, and even emotional memories zipped through my head like a surge of electricity. It is as if I am there again. The wind struck my face as I stepped onto the roof of the World Trade Center. The air on the street level was hot, but the summer heat was not felt at the elevation of this rooftop. Immediately, the cold wind numbed my face, not from the temperature, but from the force in which the wind pressed on my skin. I walked to my left and placed my hand on the metal railing for support. The railing was cold, so cold that it seemed to affect the functioning of my arm. My entire body was cold now and I was only wearing a short sleeve t-shirt. As I stood on the building the only sound I could hear was of the wind bombarding my eardrum. My dad called me to another side of the roof, I followed. As I approached the railing I realized the wind was no longer blowing directly in my ear, and I began to hear sounds. The echoing of car horns and vehicle motors rose from the street with an enormous rumble. Although I was one hundred and ten stories high, I could hear the many sounds of the city that never sleeps. I peered over the railing and was awestruck by the view that lay in my path of sight, thousands of buildings that seemed to touch the sky. None of those buildings were as high as the Trade Center. Millions of tiny black squares were spotted on the sides of the buildings like holes in a termite mound. It was then that I realized the complexity and quantity of life in New York City. From this height, I could see mi... Free Essays on Expressive Paper Free Essays on Expressive Paper A place I visited as a child was forced into my memory very recently. This place is known around the world as The World Trade Center of New York City. When news hit of the building’s destruction, vivid memories of my time atop the one hundred ten story building began to reform in my mind. Visualizations, sounds, sense of touch, and even emotional memories zipped through my head like a surge of electricity. It is as if I am there again. The wind struck my face as I stepped onto the roof of the World Trade Center. The air on the street level was hot, but the summer heat was not felt at the elevation of this rooftop. Immediately, the cold wind numbed my face, not from the temperature, but from the force in which the wind pressed on my skin. I walked to my left and placed my hand on the metal railing for support. The railing was cold, so cold that it seemed to affect the functioning of my arm. My entire body was cold now and I was only wearing a short sleeve t-shirt. As I stood on the building the only sound I could hear was of the wind bombarding my eardrum. My dad called me to another side of the roof, I followed. As I approached the railing I realized the wind was no longer blowing directly in my ear, and I began to hear sounds. The echoing of car horns and vehicle motors rose from the street with an enormous rumble. Although I was one hundred and ten stories high, I could hear the many sounds of the city that never sleeps. I peered over the railing and was awestruck by the view that lay in my path of sight, thousands of buildings that seemed to touch the sky. None of those buildings were as high as the Trade Center. Millions of tiny black squares were spotted on the sides of the buildings like holes in a termite mound. It was then that I realized the complexity and quantity of life in New York City. From this height, I could see mi...

A List of Arguments For and Against Zoos

A List of Arguments For and Against Zoos Not all animal rights activists love animals. Some respect them because they understand animals have a place in the world. Zoos, especially the ones that are doing everything right, present a special challenge to the animal-loving advocates because they would like to see and interact with the animals. Zoos and Animal Rights Zoo advocates argue that they save endangered species and educate the public, but many  animal rights activists believe the costs outweigh the benefits, and the violation of the rights of the individual animals is unjustifiable. Roadside zoos, petting zoos, and smaller animal exhibitors tend to offer inadequate space for the animals, keeping them in pens or cages. Sometimes, barren concrete and metal bars are all a tiger or bear will know for their entire lives. Larger, accredited zoos try to distance themselves from these operations by touting how well the animals are treated, but to animal rights activists, the issue not how well the animals are treated, but whether we have a right to confine them for our amusement or education. grass-lifeisgood / Getty Images Arguments For Zoos By bringing people and animals together, zoos educate the public and foster an appreciation of the animals. This exposure and education motivate people to protect the animals.Zoos save endangered species by bringing them into a safe environment, where they are protected from poachers, habitat loss, starvation, and predators.Many zoos also have breeding programs for endangered species. In the wild, these individuals might have trouble finding mates and breeding.Reputable zoos are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and are held to high standards for the treatment of the animals. According to the AZA, accreditation means, official recognition and approval of a zoo or aquarium by a group of experts.A good zoo provides an enriched habitat in which the animals are never bored, are well cared for, and have plenty of space.Zoos are a tradition, and a visit to a zoo is a wholesome, family activity.Seeing an animal in person is a much more personal and more memorable experienc e than seeing that animal in a nature documentary. Some would argue that humans have little, if any duty to non-human animals because humans are more important, and if keeping animals in zoos serves any educational or entertainment purposes, it serves a purpose to the humans, even if that purpose is not beneficial for the animals.Some zoos help rehabilitate wildlife and take in exotic pets that people no longer want or are no longer able to care for.Both accredited and unaccredited animal exhibitors are regulated by the federal Animal Welfare Act, which establishes standards for care. Long Zhiyong / Getty Images Arguments Against Zoos From an animal rights standpoint, we do not have a right to breed, capture and confine other animals, even if they are endangered. Being a member of an endangered species doesnt mean the individual animals have fewer rights.Animals in captivity suffer from stress, boredom, and confinement. Intergenerational bonds are broken when individuals get sold or traded to other zoos, and no pen or even drive-through safari can compare to the freedom of the wild.Baby animals bring in visitors and money, but this incentive to breed new baby animals leads to overpopulation. Surplus animals are sold not only to other zoos, but also to circuses, canned hunting facilities, and even for slaughter.Some zoos just kill their surplus animal outright.The vast majority of captive breeding programs do not release animals back into the wild. The offspring are forever part of the chain of zoos, circuses, petting zoos, and exotic pet trade that buy, sell and barter animals among themselves and exploit animals. Ned the Asian elephant was born at an accredited zoo, but later confiscated from an abusive circus trainer and finally sent to a sanctuary. Removing individuals from the wild will further endanger the wild population because the remaining individuals will be less genetically diverse and will have more difficulty finding mates.If people want to see wild animals in real life, they can observe wildlife in the wild or visit a sanctuary. A true sanctuary does not buy, sell, or breed animals, but takes in unwanted exotic pets, surplus animals from zoos or injured wildlife that can no longer survive in the wild.If zoos are teaching children anything, its that imprisoning animals for our own entertainment is acceptable.The argument that children will have more compassion animals they can see life does not hold water. Not one of todays children has ever seen a dinosaur, yet kids are crazy about them.At least one study has shown that elephants kept in zoos do not live as long as elephants in the wild.The federal Animal Welfare Act establishes only the most minimal standards for cage size, shelter, health care, ventilation, fencing , food, and water. For example, enclosures must provide sufficient space to allow each animal to make normal postural and social adjustments with adequate freedom of movement. Inadequate space may be indicated by evidence of malnutrition, poor condition, debility, stress, or abnormal behavior patterns. Violations often result in a slap on the wrist and the exhibitor is given a deadline to correct the violation. Even a long history of inadequate care and AWA violations, such as the history of Tony the Truck Stop Tiger, will not free the animals. Sanctuaries also rehabilitate wildlife and take in unwanted exotic pets, without breeding, buying and selling animals like zoos do.Animals sometimes escape their enclosures, endangering themselves as well as people. There have even been incidents of zoo animals eating other zoo animals. In the case of zoos, both sides will argue that their side saves animals. Whether or not zoos benefit the animal community, they certainly do make money. As long as there is demand for zoos, they will continue to exist. We can start by making sure that zoo conditions are the best possible for the animals who are confined to them.

HRM Innovation and Change Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

HRM Innovation and Change - Lab Report Example some employees of the existence of HRM policies and initiatives and the related positive impact on employee retention and overall HRM practices at these News Corporation media companies, the general agreement is that key performance indicators on the relative success of HRM initiatives have been gathering positive momentums at these media giants. Thus this paper has successfully established a set of positive correlations between a number of HRM related key performance indicators and the organizational outcomes especially concerning employee retention strategies at News Corporation. Particularly the environment and employee welfare related policies have shown a progressive improvement. Further employee retention strategies at News Corporation and labor turnover figures are interconnected in such a way that staff members have particularly been affected by a lack of concern for their negative experiences while dealing with customers. Finally this study has clearly identified a positive set of outcomes related to HRM practices and motivation thus News Corporation has acquired a greater dimension of integrity at the inner-house operational level on par with CSR initiatives. News Corporation is a global media company founded by Rupert Murdoch and is the world’s largest publisher of English language newspapers. Its operations span across a number of countries such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and so on. News Corporation has been faced with stiffer competition in both digital and conventional publishing and therefore it ought to design and implement some far superior and innovative HRM policies and initiatives. News Corporation has initiated a number of changes in the workforce management and HRM practices. Work ethics is differentially applied to generate enthusiasm among employees. Workers at News Corporation are motivated through a good mixture of both financial and non-financial benefits. Performance-related pay might encourage employees to

Early college high school for African American males Dissertation

Early college high school for African American males - Dissertation Example In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that public schools that segregated Whites from Blacks were unconstitutional, and that schools that included different races helped to promote educational equality. Kozol (1991), however, found that even forty years later, racial segregation continued largely unchanged in various urban schools acrosst the country. The nation’s largest school districts remained 95-99% non-White, and Black students in poor families still recorded significantly lower scores on tests of academic performance than Whites in middle and high-income families (Knaus, 2007). Thus, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling and the federal government’s assistance of hundreds of millions of dollars to improve academic performance among Black students in public schools, school achievement remained unchanged (Noguera, 2008). Thus, achievement was unaffected by programs funded by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Title 1 programs of the United States Department of Education, Head Start, Success for All, and Accelerated Schools. African Americans’s schools were often inadequate as compared to schools for exclusively White students (Knaus, 2007). Researchers (Bell, 2009; Ladson-Billings, 2004) who have studied and made recommendations about education among African Americans and school segregation have also described how segregated schools continue to lack academically rigorous curricula to promote cognitive growth and development that Black students require to succeed in school. Other researchers have presented the difficulties Black students have faced when transitioning from segregated public schools into an integrated environment and the subsequent performance gap that has existed since the mid-1900s (Valien, Taeuber, Glick et al., 1970). There is an increasing gender difference in graduation rates across the United States. â€Å"The difference exists across racial subgroups and is widest between African American girls and boys† (Chadwell, 2009, p.9). In the entire United States, as compared to any other group in American society, Black males are the most likely to be punished, most frequently through some form of exclusion, are labeled, categorized for special education even when there is absence of disability, and are the most liable to experience academic failure. Gender Differences in the Ways Males and Females Learn According to physician and psychologist, Leonard Sax (2007), the gender issue is relevant to classroom learning in several ways. In the United States there is increasing prevalence of boys expressing their disdain for school â€Å"saying that school is stupid and they do not like to read† (Sax, 2007, p.40). This approach is found to cut across all demographic groups, affecting both affluent white boys in the suburbs and black boys in low-income neighborhoods. Sax

Portfolio writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio writing - Essay Example Dreamy images in my work are portrayed as a paradox between realism and idealism. The realism associated with the harsh and pleasant realities of life and human nature are expressed subliminally and submerged with idealism. These moments of pleasure are dreams, not escapist fantasies, that allows for transition through life’s pitfalls. It perpetuates hope, segregating it from the reality of life’s journey. It gives life meaning and the themes ‘dreams’ and ‘hopes’ articulate the meaning of life in my work. I spent my teen and adolescent years in foreign countries as well as completing my bachelor’s and master’s programs in the UK where I majored in Fine Arts (painting), all the while yearning for Korea. I have always remained nostalgic about Korea and drawn to the spiritual art of the Orient. These passions for Korea and the spiritual art of the Orient greatly influences the work that I produce. Upon returning to Korea, I incorporated the speculative spirit of â€Å"line† commonly used in Oriental art (linear art that frequently characterizes Oriental art) into my painting, photography and installation. Remaining true to this tradition, I also introduced into my work, condensed symbolic expressions which I am endeavouring to apply to medium in a variety of genres. Consistent with this approach, I have utilized experimental expressions of formative art and continue to do so. By taking this approach I have capitalized on a number of different ways to use art medium for creative expressions. I have a preference for stab painting over traditional application of paint to canvas. I also represent images from my memory by virtue of a combination of stab painting and repetitive lines. By taking this approach I am able to reflect a repetitive cycle through the object painted. These painting methods permits a unique connection to the world that I am creating by allowing me to become more intimately connected to the brush. While my

Nutrition and obesity in the united states versus nutrition in other Research Paper

Nutrition and obesity in the united states versus nutrition in other developed countries - Research Paper Example A person whose weight is at least 20 percent higher than the upper limit of the healthy range is considered to be obese. The effect of obesity is that it puts one at risk of many health problems and diseases. This is according to Medical News Today. Obesity makes one susceptible to diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, respiratory issues, and stroke. It is estimated that on average, an obese person will live 8 to 10 years less than a non-obese person. In addition, a high rate of obesity in a country’s population significantly increases its health care costs. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity in the developed countries such as the United States has significantly increased. Statistics in the United States show one in every three people is medically obese. According to a book published in September 2010 by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD), obesity rates in the U.S. rank among the highest in the world. Another research conducted byMedical News Today in the year 2010 shows that 28 percent of all U.S. residents are medically classified to be obese. European Union member countries with obesity rates between 20 percent and 27 percent include Australia at Irelandand Luxembourg (Kumar, 19).The same data also shows that the European Union membercountry with the lowest overall obesity rates was Sweden at 10 percent. The average obesityrate was recorded to be at 16 percent. Research done by the World health Organization shows that the worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled between the year 1980 and 2008. The country estimates for the year 2008 showed that over 50% of both men and women in the European Region were overweight. The percentage of men and women who were overweight were 23% and 20% in both men and women respectively. Based on the latest estimates in European Union countries, overweight problems in adults affects 30-70% while the percentage of adult

Evaluating international business communications situations Essay - 11

Evaluating international business communications situations - Essay Example Globalization has been known to provoke massive reactions in regards to its effects, both positive and negative, though the new opportunities it creates to people cannot be overemphasized. The creation of multinational companies all over the world is one such major opportunity that globalization creates, and this tends to encourage the interconnection of people from very diverse cultural and social backgrounds that would otherwise never have come together. As a result, globalization has produced workforce with the diverse cultural backgrounds at the same workplace and/or business encounters who have to work at an international level. These cultures are represented by individuals who come together at the workplace and have to learn how to communicate and tolerate one another with their diverse backgrounds. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a message is produced by a member of one culture for consumption by a member of another culture, a message must be understood. Because of cultural differences in these kinds of contacts, the potential for misunderstanding and disagreement is great (Pinto, ). Communication can only be said to be effective when it reaches out to the receiver in the manner in which it was intended to by the sender. As such, the idea, information or opinion being transmitted to the receiver must be carried out in a manner that ensures it is correctly understood, and that it is received on time by the receiver. This aspect emphasizes the importance of choosing the right mode of communication at both the individual as well as the organizational level for optimum communication. The various forms assumed by communication include formal vs. informal communication and verbal vs. non-verbal communication among others. Informal communication method is the one whereby the flow of information does not follow the known and established organizational channels. People make communication using unofficial lines that tend to follow

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case analysis - Essay Example This tool permits a systematic and disciplined evaluation of internal and external factors. Equally appropriate for the present case is the PESTEL tool using which, one can analyze the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal angles, in order to test strategy options. PESTEL factors substantially deal with the external situation within which a company has to operate. De Beers’ strengths lie in its knowledge of the industry in all its facets – from mining to retail marketing of jewels – and the controlling interests it had created through subsidiaries, cross holdings and trading practices. However, this very breadth of monopolistic operations has drawn adverse public attention. Discovery and development Political situation in Africa where De Beers has its major mining interests has been undergoing significant change since dismantling of apartheid. Socio-economic factors like poor pay and working conditions, child labor and inadequate welfare measures are issues of concern for public. While it is in the forefront of exploiting technology in operations, degradation of natural environment, particularly in opencast mining operations, puts additional responsibility on the company. Anti-trust laws and ban on child labor practices add to its cup of PESTEL woes. De Beers are in the company of other global companies like Microsoft, MacDonald and Wal-Mart in terms of sweep of operations and breadth of controversies. Microsoft is accused of suffocating competition, MacDonald of unsustainable use of packing materials and Wal-Mart of exploiting cheap labor in China and other Asian countries in its bid to offer lowest cost products. Leveraging its knowledge and technology, the company has to enhance efficiency of operations, both vertically and horizontally. Acquiring rights for mines in new areas

Evaluating international business communications situations Essay - 11

Evaluating international business communications situations - Essay Example Globalization has been known to provoke massive reactions in regards to its effects, both positive and negative, though the new opportunities it creates to people cannot be overemphasized. The creation of multinational companies all over the world is one such major opportunity that globalization creates, and this tends to encourage the interconnection of people from very diverse cultural and social backgrounds that would otherwise never have come together. As a result, globalization has produced workforce with the diverse cultural backgrounds at the same workplace and/or business encounters who have to work at an international level. These cultures are represented by individuals who come together at the workplace and have to learn how to communicate and tolerate one another with their diverse backgrounds. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a message is produced by a member of one culture for consumption by a member of another culture, a message must be understood. Because of cultural differences in these kinds of contacts, the potential for misunderstanding and disagreement is great (Pinto, ). Communication can only be said to be effective when it reaches out to the receiver in the manner in which it was intended to by the sender. As such, the idea, information or opinion being transmitted to the receiver must be carried out in a manner that ensures it is correctly understood, and that it is received on time by the receiver. This aspect emphasizes the importance of choosing the right mode of communication at both the individual as well as the organizational level for optimum communication. The various forms assumed by communication include formal vs. informal communication and verbal vs. non-verbal communication among others. Informal communication method is the one whereby the flow of information does not follow the known and established organizational channels. People make communication using unofficial lines that tend to follow

Article Review Essay Example for Free

Article Review Essay Conducting their study as the transitional funding attached to the peace process in Northern Ireland is reaching its end, the authors examine the role of aid in conflict resolution particularly with regards to intangible outcomes such as identity formation. The idea behind this funding is that it reduces economic disparities between the conflicting groups and that the economic growth started by this funding will continue into the future. These funds come from the International Fund for Ireland (IFI), which addressed unemployment and poverty in Republican / Loyalist communities; the Peace I funds, which promoted social inclusion, cross-community contact, and economic development; and the Peace II funds (ended in 2006), which had similar goals to Peace I but targeted local, grassroots (nongovernmental) organizations. The authors also consider the role of external agencies as they intervene in ethnopolitical conflict and the importance of community development in the peace process. The authors are careful to note that economic aid is not a magic cure for conflict as this aid, if improperly administered, can at times heighten underlying conflicts. Indeed, in Northern Ireland, the approach has had mixed results. In designing their study, the authors took both a qualitative and quantitative approach. For the qualitative portion, the authors interviewed 98 community leaders, civil servants, and development officers from Belfast, Londonderry/Derry, and the Border region (Northern Ireland). These interviews consisted of semi-structured questions, including those attached to the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale: â€Å"What are your best wishes and hopes for your personal future? What are your worst fears and worries about your personal future? What are your best wishes and hopes for the future of your country? What are your worst fears and worries about the future of your country? † (page 166). The quantitative data was drawn from the summer 2006 Northern Ireland Public Opining Survey. The sample consisted of 1,023 adults representative of Northern Ireland’s adult population. The study as a whole was designed to look at the respondents hopes and fears about Northern Ireland’s future. Through the inclusion of qualitative data, the authors hoped to demarginalize voices that are often not heard in the official discourses of the peace process. This study yielded numerous tantalizing findings. First, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists imagine a future where conflicting groups are able to perceive a sense of shared community. Second, the authors found differences based on gender: more females than males saw the opportunity for building new relationships amongst communities in the future. Third, the authors found two common fears / concerns that extend across religions, genders, and ages: the fear that violence in changing the social fabric of Northern Ireland and the belief that politicians are disingenuous and not interested in serving the needs of their constituency. Fourth, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists saw the modernization of the economy and the political structure as means by which to support the peace process. Finally, the authors found that younger adults were more concerned about the potential failure of the peace process and the economy than older adults The authors consider numerous theories about identity formation. In designing their study, they took into consideration geographic differences in identity formation: i. e. Londonderry/Derry vs. Belfast and urban vs. rural locations. They also consider how the Irish view immigration and the infiltration of outside values. In general, this article is not convincing. Its primary strength is the detailed background to the conflicts in Northern Ireland, with a focus on the economic causes and effects of this conflict. This strength does not mitigate the effects of the article’s numerous weaknesses. First, the authors do not explicitly state their hypothesis. While exploratory studies such as this one can potentially reveal valuable information, the authors nowhere state the reasons behind the study. When questions such as identity formation are being explored, the readers need to know the authors’ relationship to the issue. For example, are the authors somehow involved in this ethnopolitical conflict? Or, are they looking at it from the perspective of an outsider? If they are outsiders, does their perspective have a bearing on how the respondents answer their questions? Second, the authors explicitly state that they wish to demarginalize those voices that are not typically heard in the official peace process discourse. However, in selecting the respondents for the qualitative portion of the study, the authors chose community leaders, civil servants, and development officers. It would seem that these are precisely the voices that are heard in the official discourse. Readers are left to wonder why the authors did not include a more representative sample of the population of Northern Ireland for this portion of the study. Third, this does not seem to be a study that was designed specifically to answer certain questions. As noted, the authors nowhere state a hypothesis. For the reader, it appears that the quantitative and qualitative data seems to have been mixed together ad hoc. In other words, the study does not seem to be designed to fit a specific question. Rather, the authors appear to have attempted to answer questions based on the information they had at hand. Fourth, as the basis for this study was largely to examine economic role of the peace process, it seems like a gross oversight that the authors did not provide data on their respondents’ demographics. In the discussion section, the authors indicate that they collected background demographic information (political party, religious views, age, gender, socioeconomic status) on the respondents, but this information was not included in the results section and does not appear to have been considered in any significant way. Finally, the analysis of the qualitative data seems a bit lacking. It would perhaps have been stronger to indentify the common themes and subthemes of the responses, rather than using the responses as illustrative examples. Because of these specific weakness as well as the authors’ failure to mention the limitations of their study and to provide specific recommendations for how their results can be used to generate future studies and/or to impact the peace process, this article is not convincing.

Definitions Of The Concept Of Dignity Nursing Essay

Definitions Of The Concept Of Dignity Nursing Essay The essence of this essay is to give an in depth understanding of the concept of dignity in the care system. This essay will focus on the issues discussed in the group Enquiry Based Learning (EBL) presentation; define and critically analyse the concept of dignity from different perspectives, in relation to its abstract and subjective nature. How dignity is maintained by health professionals, influenced by cultural differences, and look at some current initiatives used to promote dignity in practice. Furthermore, I will focus on my experiences in practice to illustrate the concept of dignity, using relevant theories to support my discussion. I shall conclude using Gibbss framework to reflect on the group presentation. I have chosen to focus solely on Dignity of identity as it relates to my chosen area of nursing. Nordenfelt identifies four concepts of Dignity: Dignity of Menschenwà ¼rde,  Dignity of merit,  Dignity of moral stature, and the Dignity of personal identity. In my definition of dignity, I will dicuss definitions that relates to elderly people in care. As an adult nursing student specialising in the care of the elderly, who are the main users of health services, the knowledge gained in the process of this essay will be applied to every adult in my care. Definitions of the concept of Dignity Dignity is a difficult concept to define, and has a strong association with respect. Dignity is defined as being worthy of respect. (DH,2003) cited from Andrew and Alison however, The Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCEI; 2006) pointed out that although defining dignity may be difficult, people know when they have not been treated with dignity and respect. The definition of dignity from the oxford dictionary talks about the innateness of dignity in human as it is natural. This is also embedded in Article 1 of the United Nations General Assembly Declaration of 1948, reiterate in 1996 by the United nations International Bill of Rights, which states, that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (United Nations, 1996).(matiti). From the EBL group presentation Professor Lennart Nordenfelts theories on dignity were discussed; firstly, Dignity of merit- based on hierarchical position in society, dependent on economic/social class can be hereditary. Secondly, Human Dignity gives rise to the value of being human, and the Dignity of moral stature based on a persons moral autonomy/integrity and, lastly Dignity of identity which focuses on human beings self-respect, including notions of integrity and autonomy, and may be violated when a person is prevented from doing what they want to do or are entitled to do, or by physical assault and humiliation. The last aspect of Nordenfelts definition of dignity, which is the dignity of personal identity, is the one that can be related to the elderly. Due to possible limited capabilities associated with ageing individuals they could be subjected to their dignity being violated, as their condition may result in them being dependent on others for their daily activities of livin g, thus depriving them of their right from doing what they would want or entitled them to do, which may bring about physical assault and humiliation. *missing quote to be inserted, upon confirmation of source** The Royal college of Nursing (RCN) has made it clear that dignity applies equally to those who have capacity and those who lack it. Everyone has equal worth as human being and must be treated as human beings and must be treated as if they are able to feel, think, and behave in relation to their own worth or value. *missing Dignity in Care quote to be inserted, upon confirmation of source** It is evidenced from my research on the definition of dignity that people perceive dignity differently due to its subjective nature. Nonetheless, there is no general agreement on what dignity actually means. Julie Clark, 2010. However, there is a consensus that it is a value possessed by every human being. Everyone irrespective of circumstances should be treated with dignity. Nordenfelt argues that, Menschenwurde is the basic platform. Each older person has his or her intrinsic value, which entails a number of rights, among other the rights of the UN Declaration. People do not lose any of these rights because they have reached a particular age. **(Dignity in care for older pp)** Badcot states that, Kant I Cited in Gallagher et al 2008 holds that human beings posses dignity because they are rational, autonomous creatures with intrinsic value who can pursue and determine their own ends. Kants definition of dignity in relation to intrinsic value appears to rely upon possession of autonomy. ` Treating patients or clients with dignity is considered as part of providing them with quality care and allowing them to experience quality of life which can be violated according to Nordenfelt due to their circumstances; illness or old age. (Dignity in Care text book) PROMOTING DIGNITY IN CARE It is of paramount importance that healthcare practitioners promote dignity in care at all times. There are conditioning factors and attributes that have been put in place to govern dignity in care situations. One of the most important conditioning factors is for the nurse to gain a full understanding of the concept of promoting dignity in order to provide good nursing care to our adult patients. In care situation, dignity may be promoted or diminished by the following factors; physical environment, organizational culture and the attitude and behaviour of the nursing team in the way care are carried out. There are several ways in which patients or client dignity can be promoted. According social institute of excellence (2010) there are 8 main factors that promote dignity in care. Few of which I will explain with example. Dignity can be promote by health care professionals by involving patients in their own care, empowering to make their own decisions and choices concerning their care. Treating patient or client as an individual involves listening to them and to avoid caring for them as a group, encouraging independence and giving time and choice. For example, give patient choice of how they would like to be dressed by asking them to choose cloths of their choice. When communicating with patient, it is important to express respectful verbal and non verbal communication; Listening, responding, allowing time and use of therapeutic communication when required. Healthcare professionals should cultivate the habit of approaching patient in an appropriate manner thus, with respect and professionally. Providing patients with necessary information regarding their health, results in them having sense of value. Explain procedure to gain consent cooperation prior every procedure and including them in their care by giving them choice and freedom to express their feeling of makes them feel a sense of belonging and that nurses are not dominating the care they offer. Maintaining privacy is important. For example, during procedures, curtains should be pulled around patients bed using peg, to ensure privacy. Keeping the environment clean is very important. For example, a commode should not be left at the patients bed side after use. It is concluded that reflection on, and improvements to, the care environment makes a significant contribution to patients, relatives and staff feeling valued and respected.(Matiti) When dignity is present people feel in control, valued, confident, comfortable and able to make decisions for themselves. When dignity is absent people feel devalued, lacking control and comfort. They may lack confidence and be unable to make decisions for themselves. They may feel humiliated, embarrassed or ashamed. It is of paramount important to organise and involving elderly people in stimulating activities, particularly those in a nursing home in as this will help to prevent isolation. According to 2008 Gallagher et al it states that old age may intimidate dignity due to the fact that the amount of social inclusion and participation are limited. When patient and client are not treated with respect and dignity it tends to gave negatives impact on their wellbeing thus affects them psychologically and socially. dignified treatment correlate most closely with high satisfaction with the hospital stay, thus indicating that patients who perceive that they are treated with dignity are happier with their overall hospital experience. (matiti) (chochinov et al, 200b) Matiti) indicated a link between loss of dignity and various negative effects, such as psychological and symptoms distress, heightened dependency needs and loss of will to live It is affirmed by legislation and ethical of the profession that, all healthcare professionals to at all times promote patients dignity and respect. (chochinov et al, 200b) Matiti) indicated a link between loss of dignity and various negative effects, such as psychological and symptoms distress, heightened dependency needs and loss of will to live INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE DIGNITY The desire to restore dignity to the heart of nursing is an attempt to challenge and redress some of the delegation and overspecialisation that has occurred over the past decade, which have perpetuated the perceived erosion of care (Scott, 2000). However, (Maben and Griffiths, 2008). From dignity champion exerts that Campaigns for dignity in care may not necessarily result in the change of values, attitudes and beliefs that are perceived to be lacking in nursing As it has been stated that dignity is difficult to define and that care professional might not be equipped with the necessary skills and Knowledge required of them to treat client with dignity however, there are governing bodies which are in place to help health practitioner in using initiatives to promote dignity. These initiatives are readily available as a guide to healthcare/care provider in order to effectively and adequately treating client with respect and dignity. Adherence to these initiatives, consequently result in meeting clients needs as individual and providing quality care. Design for patients dignity is another body that promotes dignity. They have created a number of initiatives to help practitioners in care setting. These includes, universal gown which caters to all sizes as well as cultural and religious beliefs. The gown also covers all part of the patients body including the front and the back which gives patients privacy and allows them to feel secure and many more. http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/challenges/Health/Design-for-Patient-Dignity/Case-studies/ 23 December 2012 My home life focuses on elderly people, this is why it has been chosen my home life movement is also a governing body who formed a variety of initiative which aspire for best practice includes a sense of security; this involves gaining trust and maintain confidentially unless on a need to know basis. A sense of significance allowing them to feel sense of worth and valued , recognising their presence, listening and understanding their needs, empowering them in order for them to make choices and decision about their lives. A sense of continuity All of these initiatives help to promote their dignity because they feel a sense of belonging. (Nolan et als Senses Framework). From my research it is evidenced that several research have been carried out to promote dignity in care settings. One of these initiatives is Dignity in Care network set up by SCIE (SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE).The 10 point Dignity Challenge is the framework and the gold standard this initiative aims to restore dignity at the heart of the health and social care orofessionals Initiatives from the department of health including the National Service Framework for older people, the follow-up Next steps document and the Dignity in care Campaign incorporating the dignity challenge, all aim to promote the necessary changes in culture that are needed to ensure that older people and their carers are treated with respect, dignity and fairness. The Department s Essence of care: Patient-focused benchmarks for clinical governance also offers a framework for healthcare professionals to use in measuring their practice relating to privacy and dignity. The Healthcare Commission report Caring for Dignity (2007) maintains that dignity is a human rights issue and should be the underlying principle when delivering services. However, there is little guidance and no way of measuring how well a service respects a persons privacy and dignity. Dignity is a complex concept which means different things to different people, but is de ¬Ã‚ ned as being made up of two parts: having self-respect and being respected by others. Maintaining dignity helps to preserve our self-worth and identity; this is particularly important in care settings where residents are often vulnerable, and caring practices can make people feel undigni ¬Ã‚ ed owing to their personal and intimate nature. It is often easier to identify when dignity has been lost rather than when it is being maintained. (Nursing Residential Care, August 2009, Vol 11, No 8) (Privacy and dignity in continence care: research review) PRACTICE EXPERIENCE. that devalues and does not respect the dignity of the individual should be confronted. Mrs Husseins smiled and said thank you. My mentor replied that it is our job to care for patients needs. Mrs Husseins dignity of identity was compromised as the care assistant took the advantage of Mrs Husseins condition to violate her dignity of identity for her own conveniences. Professor Wilfred exerts that Dignity is promoted when individuals are enabled to do the best within their capabilities, exercise control, make choices and feel involved in the decision making that underpins their care. I had my clinical placement in a stroke ward where i came in contact with people with different types of stroke and those on rehabilitation pathway. There were several instances where I experienced how patients dignity was being maintained and conversely, compromised. For the purpose of this essay a pseudonym will be used in order to protect confidentiality (Nursing and Midwifery Councils code of conduct 2009). I cared for Mrs Hussein, a 75 years old, Asian woman who was admitted into the ward with ischemic stroke which left her with right sided weakness of both limbs. (Walsh 2002) defines a stroke as an interruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain and the development of neurological deficits. Mrs Husseins health condition required her to be dependent on carers has she requires help for almost all her activities of daily living. During the morning shift I supported the care assistant to wash her. We sought for her consent and asked if she would like to have her bath, curtains were pulled around using peg and her private part covered with towel until the private part needed to be washed, ensuring that her privacy and dignity were maintained. The Nursing and Midwifery council (NMC 2009) exerts that people should be treated with respect and dignity. After we finished bathing her, I headed to her cupboard to get her cloths, but the care assistant said she is wearing the hospital Gown because she is incontinence of both urine and faeces. Mrs Hussein said she does not want the Gown that she prefers her own clothes because the hospital gown does not cover her body properly, she explained. Unfortunately, her request was ignored. Despite the code of conduct (NMC2009) that states that You must listen to the people in your care and respond to their concerns and preferences. Also, International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 336-341 also asserts that Listening to patients is a necessary precursor to respecting their dignity in care and in supporting their sense of their own dignity Mrs Hussein was not looking happy as her wish was ignored. I intervened by moving closer to her, held her hand used the therapeutic communication skill. I held her hand to explain to her that I will get one of the carers that will assist in changing her to her own cloth. The attitude and communication skills of the individual practitioner can do much to ensure that these and other similar experience are not made worse. Matiti I reported the situation to my mentor and she came with me to change her. . According to Wilfred (professor in dignity of older people) Any practice Those patients on rehabilitation pathway were at all times given the choice of what to we particularly the women were encouraged to wear their personal cloths as they may need to go for physiotherapy. This is done at all times to maintain patients dignity. I also experienced an 82 years old man who was admitted into the ward and was confused. Due to his condition he always undressed himself. This resulted in making the decision for him to be relocated to the side room. The idea of being in the side room alone led to him not be attended to as he was confused and could not use the call bell Control of the bowel and bladder is something which people develop as small children and loss of this important to preserve a persons privacy and dignity during such care. Sufferers to feel child-like and stigmatised. Older people with continence problems often feel a loss of dignity in care settings (Nursing Residential Care, August 2009, Vol 11, No 8 During my placement I also noticed that when there was a shortage of staff, the patients dignity tends to be diminished. For example, in the stroke ward where I was, patients who were unable to feed for themselves required assistance but due to the shortage of staff patients had to wait for turns to be fed as a result, their food must have gone cold which then diminishes their dignity because if they were able to feed themselves they would not have to wait for assistance. The hospital toilets particularly, the ones in shared bays are relatively small for carer to manoeuvre which sometimes subject patients dignity being diminished. It is believed that one of the factors inhibiting dignity in practice is as result of the healthcare professionals not adequately equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge required of them to be able to carry out their work effectively. Also, the fact that the concept of dignity is a very difficult to define, it is difficult to give a specific definition that may be used to underpinned practice. (Anderberg et al, 2007). Therefore, there is need to help healthcare workers in practice to identify practical ways of promoting patient and client dignity Patient dignity is feeling valued and comfortable psychologically with ones physical presentation and behaviour, level of control over the situation, and the behaviour of other people in the environment (Baillie, 2007, p.247).Matiti Within healthcare settings, how patients feel they are viewed by staff caring for them, or how staff feel they are viewed by colleagues and patients, can affect self esteem. If a persons own standards are met, they develop a sense of pride, have high self-esteem and feel worthy. Matiti Access to lavatory/bathroom facilities There is often insufficient access to lavatory/bathroom facilities with staff unavailable to help and alternatives, such as commodes, offered that people found embarrassing and undignified. This diminished their dignity and result in the patient not wanting to call for toilet. Pulling of curtains during procedures is crucial at all times. . Conclusion Dignity in care is not the sole responsibility of one professional group: all health and social care professionals need to be dignity champions. Nurses are more aware and informed of the different dimensions of peoples Wilfred (professor in dignity for older people) nursing times REFLECTION ON EBL Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience to describe, analyse, evaluate and to inform learning of practice (Reid 1993) cited in Sully and Dallas. Gibbs reflection cycle process (1988) will be used to reflect on my presentation. This comprises of six features and listed below in chronological order. DESCRIPTION: reflecting on the EBL process, on the first week, trigger was given to the group to analyse and discuss the implication for practice. We worked, strived and researched together as a team for four weeks. The process started by electing chairperson and a scribe. Thereafter, topic was shared amongst us as subgroups to research upon, which we all came to agreement. According to (Thompson et al 2006) working together is the nature of nurse education to explore theoretical and clinical principle and applied them to practice. Each week, prior to the presentation date each subgroup came up with their research and we discuss on our research and asked every member of the group for an individual input before the arrival of our facilitator. Finally, research carried out was put together and we decided between ourselves who would like to present. In the end we were all happy with our performance and the marks awarded, as the marks will be added to individual final marks. FEELINGS: Feelings and thinking are considered the most essential aspect of the reflective process; therefore, great care should be taken during this process (Ely and Scott, 2007). Prior to the presentation, we were overwhelmed with feelings of nervousness and jittery, as well as incompatibility of the group members. There was a fear of time management, as we had only 30 minutes to present. Presenters had rehearsed before the proper presentation was carried out to ensure that we bit the time. In the end, the time management was perfect and our presentation was splendid. EVALUATION: The good thing about the teams was that there is always a good turnout for extra meeting out the normal class hour. Although, some do came late for sessions but get the group informed. Working as a team was a great experience; it gave me more confident and better understanding of the topic. The EBL presentation has shown me how to develop my knowledge and skill, effective listening skill was observed at the time of the presentation. However, on the last meeting day before the presentation, there was issue of summarizing two different slides on the power points this brought a bit of argument but it was summarised and we all settled amicably. The presentation provided me with an in-depth knowledge of the dignity in care. According to (Elly and Scott 2007) evaluation process is a stage that enables one to reflect on the performance of your experience, what was wrong and right about your experience. ANALYSIS: in the process of EBL study i developed the knowledge and skill of gathering and sharing information, effective communication and listening skills as well as the spirit of working together for the benefit of achieving common goal. Also, the process gave me the privilege to gain in-depth insight on how dignity can be promoted in care setting, initiatives to promote dignity and the impact of undignified care on the elderly and the vulnerable people in general. Analysis is the process of making sense of the whole experience or situation and putting it in context (Bulman and Schutz 2008). ACTION PLAN: when next the opportunity of group presentation arise, I will try and volunteer to take part in presenting for the group as this will help boost and build my communication skills and developed confidence to face the audience. Action plan according to (Ely and Scott 2007) is a way of planning for the future and organising yourself in case similar events occur in the future. Conclusion: This essay has provided me with relevance information regarding EBL presentation, the trigger and the use of Gibbs reflective cycle 1988.